“ANDUNG” AS TOBANESE ORAL TRADITION; MELODIC FORM AND CONTOURS
“ANDUNG” AS TOBANESE ORAL TRADITION; Melodic Form and Contours
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Keywords:
Andung, Tobanese, Melodic Form, Contours, Culture
Abstract
This study deals with the melodic formula and contours of expressed Andung during mourning ceremony in Toba Batak (based on the Malm theory). The objectives were to to find out the types melodic form and type of contours used in Andung. This research used descriptive qualitative design because it is only focused on the culture context of Andung, and also the data was also in the form of utterances. There are five types of melodic form ; repetitive, interative, reverting, stropic, progressive and five types of contours applied in Andung, they are ascending, descending, pendulous, terraced, static. It is found that stropic and progressive are the most dominantly applied, besides ascending and descending are the most dominantly practiced in Andung because the lamenters had relationship with the individual experience in terms.
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Foley, W. A. 1997. Anthropological Linguistics: An Introduction. Massachusets: Blackwell.
Kriyantono R.2007. Teknik Praktis Riset Komunikasi, Jakarta: Kencana Prenada Media Group.
Levinson, S.C.1983. Pragmatics. Cambridge: Cambridge. University Press.
Littlejohn W. Stephen & Foss A., Karen, 2009. “Teori Komunikasi (Theories of Human Communicationn)”. Jakarta: Salemba Humanika.
Loss, Euegene E., 2004, Definition of Pragmatics. Retrievedon Oktober13, 2013 from http://www.sil.org/whatispragmatics.htm
Malm, William P., 1977, Music Cultures of the Pacific, Near East, and Asia. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice Hall
Marzali, Amri, 2005. Antropologi dan Pembangunan Indonesia. Jakarta: Kencana Prenada Media.
May, L. Jacob 1993.Pragmatics an Introduction. New York. Oxford University.
Moleong, Lexy J.2006. Metodologi Penelitian Kualitatif. Bandung: PT Remaja Rodakarya.
Nadar, F. X., 2009. Pragmatik dan Penelitian Pragmatik. Yogyakarta: GrahaIlmu.
Eugene, A. Nida and Charles R. Taber.1969, The Theory and Practice of Translation. Leiden: E.J Brill.
Napitipulu, Paiman. 2008. Pedoman Praktis Upacara Adat Batak. Papas Sinar Sinanti, Jakarta
Nugroho, 2013, Teknik Pemanfaatan Video Shooting Untuk Komersial. Yogyakarta: Bentang Pustaka.
Pardede, Bertha T at al. 1981. Bahasa Tutur Perhataan Dalam Upacara Adat Batak Toba. Pusat Pembinaan dan Pengembangan Bahasa, DepDikBud.
Pasaribu Ben, 2004, Pluralitas Musik Etnik. Medan: Pusat Dokumentasi dan Pengkajian Kebudayaan Batak Universitas HKBP Nomennsen.
Sibarani, Robert, 2012, “Foklore sebagai Media dan Sumber Pendidikan: Sebuah Ancangan Kurikulum dalam Pembentukan Karakter Siswa Berbasis Nilai Budaya Batak” dalam Kearifan Lokal. Hakekat, Peran, dan Metode Tradisi Lisan (Endraswara Suwardi ed.) Jogyakarta: Penerbit Lontar.
Sibarani, R. 2012. Kearifan Lokal Hakikat, Peran, dan Metode Tradisi Lisan. Jakarta: Asosiasi Tradisi Lisan (ATL).
Simatupang, R.M.2019.Bimbingan Praktis Margondang & Manortor Adat Budaya Batak.Jakarta.Indossari Publishing.
Silalahi, R dan Purba, P. 2014. Methaporical Expression of Death in Toba Batak AndungAndung. Dalam Proceedings International Conference. Medan. Hlm. 165-171.
Situmorang M, 1964, Arkeologi Budaya Indonesia, Pelacakan Hermeneutis – Historis Terhadap Artefak-Artefak Kebudayaan Indonesia. Yogyakarta: CV. Qalam.
Sobur Alex, 2003, “Analisis Teks Media: Suatu Pengantar, untuk Analisis Wacana, Analisis Semiotik dan Analisis Framing”. Bandung: Remaja Rosdakarya.
Sumardjo, Jakob, 2002, Arkeologi Budaya Indonesia, Pelacakan Hermeneutis – Historis Terhadap Artefak-Artefak Kebudayaan Indonesia. Yogyakarta: CV.Qalam.
Vergouwen, J.C. 1986. Masyarakat dan Hukum Adat Batak Toba. Yogyakarta. LKiS.
Warneck, J. 2001. Kamus Batak Toba-Indonesia. Medan: Bina Media.
Wierzbicka, A. 2010. Experience, Evidence dan Sense: Oxford: Oxford University Press
Wierzbicka, A, 1999, Emotions across languages and cultures: Diversity and Universals. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Wierzbicka, A,2010, "Happiness" and "good life" in a cross-cultural perspective. Manuscript submitted for publication.
Zaimar, Sumantri, Kusuma, Okke, 2005, “Semiotika dalam Analisis Karya Sastra”.
https://visitsamosir.com/adat-dan-budaya-batak/
Published
2022-09-28
How to Cite
Sihite, J., & Septian Panjaitan. (2022). “ANDUNG” AS TOBANESE ORAL TRADITION; MELODIC FORM AND CONTOURS: “ANDUNG” AS TOBANESE ORAL TRADITION; Melodic Form and Contours. LINGUA : Jurnal Bahasa, Sastra, Dan Pengajarannya, 19(2), 70-80. https://doi.org/10.30957/lingua.v19i2.716
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Articles
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